Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders during pregnancy and is associated with significant maternal and neonatal complications. The increasing prevalence of obesity, delayed childbearing, and sedentary lifestyles has contributed to a global rise in GDM incidence. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are essential to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Objective

To assess the prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and evaluate its association with maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes among pregnant women receiving antenatal care.

Methods

A prospective multicenter observational study was conducted among 1,800 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at eight tertiary healthcare centers. Participants underwent screening for GDM between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation using standard oral glucose tolerance testing. Maternal characteristics, pregnancy complications, delivery outcomes, and neonatal health indicators were analyzed.

Results

The prevalence of GDM was 16.8%. Women diagnosed with GDM demonstrated significantly higher rates of cesarean delivery, preeclampsia, fetal macrosomia, preterm birth, neonatal hypoglycemia, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions compared with non-GDM pregnancies. Early intervention and glycemic control were associated with improved outcomes.

Conclusion

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus remains a major contributor to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Routine screening, effective glycemic management, lifestyle interventions, and multidisciplinary antenatal care are critical for improving maternal and neonatal health.